本研究は,意味的関連に関する一連の研究の一部である。問題この第一報告においては,連想法と,Osgood & Suciの提出したSemantic Differential法によって,同意語と反意語の差異を,客観的に分析しようという試みがなされている。方法「賀集と久保の3音節動詞の連想価表」より,同意語と反意語を含む10語が選ばれた。これらの語を分析する為に,我々は,Semantic Differential法を採用したが,Osgood & Suciの方法に,やや改訂が加えられている。被験者は20名の学生である。結果連想価に加えて,(Semantic Differentialによって測定された)Dスコアと因子負荷量が意味関係の測度として用いられた。その結果は以下の通りである。即ち,(1) 同意語においては,連想価は大であり,Dスコアは小である,そして共通因子が抽出された。(2)反意語においては,連想価は同意語の場合同様大であったけれども,Dスコアは犬であり,そして因子分析の結果は,反対の極を示した。考察と結論以上の諸発見より,反意語は同意語と明睦に区別され,そしてSemantic Differential法が,Ogoodも言及している様に,反対語を量的に分析するのに,特に有用であるとの結論を得た。更に,種々の型一の反対語研究にSemantic Differentialを適用する可能性が認められた。

This study is a part of the series of study on semantic relation. Problem. In this first report, an attempt is made to analyse objectively the difference of synonym and antonym by the association method and the Semantic Differential method proposed by Osgood and Suci. Method. 10 words, in which some synonyms and antonyms were involved, were selected from "Kashu and Kubo's list of association value of three syllable verbs". We adopted the Semantic Differential method to analyse these words, but Osgood and Suci's method is somewhat modified by us. The subjects were 20 students. Results. Besides association value, difference scores and factor loadings(measured by the Semantic Differential) were used as the measures of semantic relation. The results are as follows : (1) In synonym, association value was high, difference scores were low, and common factor was extracted. (2) In antonym, though association value was high as well as in the case of synonym, difference scores were high, and the results of factor analysis showed the opposite orientation. Discussion and Conclusion. From the above findings, it is concluded that antonym was obviously distincted from synonym, and that Semantic Differential was especially useful to analyse the opposition quantitatively as Osgood referred to. Further, the possibilities of the application of the Semantic Differential to the study of the various types of the opposition were recognized.