文章基本信息

标题：Comparing post-combustion CO2 capture operation at retrofitted coal-fired power plants in the Texas and Great Britain electric grids
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作者：Stuart M Cohen ; Hannah L Chalmers ; Michael E Webber 等
期刊名称：Environmental Research Letters
印刷版ISSN：1748-9326
电子版ISSN：1748-9326
出版年度：2011
卷号：6
期号：2
页码：024001-024001
DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/6/2/024001
语种：English
出版社：IOP Publishing Ltd
摘要：This work analyses the carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture system operation within the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) and Great Britain (GB) electric grids using a previously developed first-order hourly electricity dispatch and pricing model. The grids are compared in their 2006 configuration with the addition of coal-based CO₂ capture retrofits and emissions penalties from 0 to 100 US dollars per metric ton of CO₂ (USD/tCO₂). CO₂ capture flexibility is investigated by comparing inflexible CO₂ capture systems to flexible ones that can choose between full- and zero-load CO₂ capture depending on which operating mode has lower costs or higher profits. Comparing these two grids is interesting because they have similar installed capacity and peak demand, and both are isolated electricity systems with competitive wholesale electricity markets. However, differences in capacity mix, demand patterns, and fuel markets produce diverging behaviours of CO₂ capture at coal-fired power plants. Coal-fired facilities are primarily base load in ERCOT for a large range of CO₂ prices but are comparably later in the dispatch order in GB and consequently often supply intermediate load. As a result, the ability to capture CO₂ is more important for ensuring dispatch of coal-fired facilities in GB than in ERCOT when CO₂ prices are high. In GB, higher overall coal prices mean that CO₂ prices must be slightly higher than in ERCOT before the emissions savings of CO₂ capture offset capture energy costs. However, once CO₂ capture is economical, operating CO₂ capture on half the coal fleet in each grid achieves greater emissions reductions in GB because the total coal-based capacity is 6 GW greater than in ERCOT. The market characteristics studied suggest greater opportunity for flexible CO₂ capture to improve operating profits in ERCOT, but profit improvements can be offset by a flexibility cost penalty.