The objective of this text, is to think on certain important concepts for researcher in the Psychology field which has the task of understanding the schooling process and the writing appropriation of Brazilian Indian group. Stating from the assumption that the dialogue between Psychology and Anthropology is essential to state what should be the role of culture in the human cognitive development. Still using the assumption that psychology, despite all attempts to incorporate culture concept in its theoretical systems, has a central epistemological difficulty to carry out this articulation. To perform this task, we intend to discuss and articulate the theoretical assumptions of the authors who defend the necessity of recognizing the centrality of culture in understanding human cognitive processing.