In Japan, the first case of an autistic child was reported by Taeko Nakazawa in 1952 some years later than those of Kanner and Asperger. After several years' discussion concerning the definition and diagnosis of autism, the education including therapy and training for the autistic children was began in 1961. Thus far more than 500 special classes for emotionally disturbed children were set up in the regular schools throughout the country, and one of the biggest problems left was ``Which is better for the autistic children, traditional psychotherapeutic or behavior therapeutic approach?'' In this symposium, one of the three speakers presented a paper from the psychotherapeutic point of view and the others from a behavioristic point of view. The speakers and discussants in favour of behavior therapy stated precisely the goal, training program and teaching technique in a man-to-man setting and in small group settings. On the other hand, those in 'favour of psychotherapy critisized the others by the stating that the most important thing was to improve the relationship between the therapist and the child, which,behaviorists ignored by concentrating the efforts to teach the autistic children self-help, speaking and academic skills, etc.. The author concluded : It is nesessary to define ``human relationship'' in terms of observable events and assess the change of behavior objectively. Otherwise the improvement of the relationship between the therapist and the child would never be verified objectively. Another important problem left in both approach in this symposium was how to find what variable would be effective in order to change the autistic behavior patterns.