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标题：Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325)
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作者：Tedford, Richard H. ; Wang, Xiaoming, - ; Taylor, Beryl E. 等
期刊名称：Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
印刷版ISSN：0003-0090
电子版ISSN：1937-3546
出版年度：2009
卷号：1
出版社：American Museum of Natural History
摘要：The canid subfamily Caninae includes all the living canids and their most recent fossil relatives. Their sister taxon is the Borophaginae with which they share an important modification of the lower carnassial, namely the presence of a bicuspid talonid, which gives this tooth an additional function in mastication. Contributing to this function is the enlargement of the posterolingual cingulum of M1 and development of a hypocone. The Caninae diverged from the Borophaginae in the narrowing and elongation of the premolars separated by diastemata and placed in a shallow ramus and narrow muzzle. These latter features allow the Caninae to be recognized in the fossil record as early as the beginning of the Oligocene ‪(‬34 Ma‪)‬ and constitute evidence that they represent a monophyletic group. In striking contrast to the history of the Borophaginae, the Caninae remain confined to a closely similar group of fox-sized species ‪(‬Leptocyon spp.‪)‬ throughout the Oligocene and showing very limited...