标题：Regional differentiation of the chemistry and of the sulphur and oxygen isotopic composition of sulphates in spring waters of middle and upper parts of the Vistula and Bug interfluve
期刊名称：Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skodowska. Sectio B, Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia
印刷版ISSN：0137-2025
出版年度：2004
卷号：LIX
出版社：Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin
摘要：On the basis of data collected in different years - over the period of 1979-2003 - the physicochemical properties of waters from 27 springs in the middle and upper parts of the Vistula and the Bug interfluve were analysed (Fig. 1).
The study involved an analysis of the regional aspect of the differentiation of, among other things, the total mineralisation and the concentration of carbonate mineral dissociation products (elements of low variability in the time system). It allowed for the peculiarities of the geological structure of the Nałęczów Plateau, the Chełm Hills and the three mesoregions of Roztocze: the Goraj Roztocze, the Tomaszów Roztocze and the Rawa Roztocze.
In the central part of the Vistula and the Bug interfluve, the most mineralised waters (299- 589 mg/dm3) can be found in the Nałeczów Plateau (Tab. 1), where opokas, marly opokas and marls form a large part of the water-bearing horizon and the feeding, occurs via a thick cover of Quaternary loess and Tertiary limestone. Spring waters are characterised by the highest concentration of carbonates. A lower total mineralisation (296-415 mg/dm3) was observed in the spring waters of the Chełm Hills (Tab. 2), where the proportion of chalkstone in the profile of the waterlogged zone of upper-Cretaceous rocks is dominant, and thin covers of Quaternary deposits overlying chalk-like upper-Cretaceous limestone can only be found in some places.
In the southern part of the interfluve area - in Roztocze - a relatively high differentiation of the analysed parameters was established. The most highly mineralised waters (308-387 mg/dm3) were to be found in the Goraj Roztocze (Tab. 3), where opokas, frequently interbedded with marls, prevail in the main water-bearing horizon, fed via a thick cover of leaching-sensitive carbonate loess. A lower mineralization level (289-296 mg/dm3) typified the waters of the Rawa Roztocze (Tab. 4), with the main water-bearing horizon in upper-Cretaceous rocks of the opoka and gaize type, fed in vast areas via limestone, carbonate sandstone and Tertiary sands. The lowest mineralisation (227-292 mg/dm3) was observed in the Cretaceous waters of the Tomaszów Roztocze (Tab. 5) which contain considerably smaller amounts of carbonates. Their alimentation comes from opokas and gaizes, which are only partly covered by Quaternary deposits, mostly carbonate-free sands.
The study also attempted an evaluation of the isotopic composition of sulphate in spring waters (Tab. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B). The findings indicate a high differentiation of sulphate concentration in groundwaters. The isotopic composition of sulphates reflects a considerable differentiation of waters (Fig. 2). The assessment in regional terms distinguished the waters of the Nałęczów Plateau and the Chełm Hills. Results of the analysis of isotopic composition of sulphate in the springs of the Nałęczów Plateau point to a significant role of the oxidation of sulphides dispersed in the aeration and saturation zone. The analysis of the isotopic composition of sulphates in the waters of the Chełm Hills reveals a higher proportion of sulphates of atmospheric origin.
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