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标题：A HYDROCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC STUDY OF SUBMARINE FRESH WATER ALONG THE COAST IN LEBANON
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作者：Zeinab Saad ; Véronique Kazpard ; Kamal Slim Moustafa Mroueh 等
期刊名称：Journal of Environmental Hydrology (ältere Jahrgänge)
印刷版ISSN：1058-3912
电子版ISSN：1996-7918
出版年度：2005
卷号：13
出版社：IAEH
摘要：The chemical and isotopic composition of water discharging from springs, surface and groundwater in the Litani river basin were studied. The data include field measurements of specific conductance, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and laboratory measurements of major element chemistry, stable 2H/1H and 18O/16O isotope ratios (d2H and d18O) of water. Water samples were collected during 2004 and 2005. Geochemical analysis indicates that sea spray influences the major ionic composition of the downstream river. Water quality changes over the course of the river in the central Bekaa plain near the Karaoun reservoir. This area drains percolated and infiltrated water that contains relatively elevated concentrations of nitrate originating from agricultural runoff. Isotopic results for d18O and d2H show that the river can be divided into three main parts relative to water quality. The upper part, near the headwaters, is directly influenced by precipitation input, while the mid course of the river is influenced by input from the Litani tributaries and the effluents from man's activities. The lower reaches of the river are exposed to high evaporation. In the Karaoun reservoir, isotope enrichment with respect to the Litani river is calculated to be more than 3‰ in d18O and 10‰ in d2H. The groundwater in Karaoun basin is recharged by direct river infiltration and infiltration from the reservoir. The percentage of reservoir recharge varies from 28.5% to 20.7% in the groundwater system