出版社:Center for European, Governance and Economic Development
摘要:Most analysts of the modern Latin American economy hold to a pessimistic belief in historical
persistence -- they believe that Latin America has always had very high levels of inequality,
suggesting it will be hard for modern social policy to create a more egalitarian society. This paper
argues that this conclusion is not supported by what little evidence we have. The persistence view
is based on an historical literature which has made little or no effort to be comparative. Modern
analysts see a more unequal Latin America compared with Asia and the rich post-industrial
nations and then assume that this must always have been true. Indeed, some have argued that
high inequality appeared very early in the post-conquest Americas, and that this fact supported
rent-seeking and anti-growth institutions which help explain the disappointing growth
performance we observe there even today. This paper argues to the contrary. Compared with the
rest of the world, inequality was not high in pre-conquest 1491, nor was it high in the post-
conquest decades following 1492. Indeed, it was not even high in the mid-19th
century just prior
Latin America’s belle époque. It only became high thereafter. Historical persistence in Latin
American inequality is a myth.