The movement of educational decentralization now taking place in the province of Quebec is inspired by three sources. From a historical perspective, it can be seen that the demand for decentralization is a normal outcome of the evolution of society, moving from power relationships based on linguistic and religious duality to multiple power relationships. From a functional perspective, one becomes aware that critiques expressed about the school should consider new power sharing in their solutions. Finally, for some, decentralization is a response to economic pressures, driven in part by globalization. When the response of actors such as the Fédération des commission scolaires du Québec moves towards decentralization, the response of actors such as the Centrale des sydicats du Québec reminds the government of the limits of decentralization according to social mission and objectives. However, it appears that the government intends to keep a tight reign on this decentralization so that it respects educational missions and objectives.