This article presents the main findings of a case study developed to analyze the relation between the practice of initial literacy of a teacher who taught to the 1 ^st grade of 1^st cycle of Primary School and the learning of the pupils as for the teaching of the System of Alphabetical Writing. The research was carried out in a municipal school of Recife City (Pernambuco State) in which students had high levels of attainment in a national testing. The research involved as methodological procedures an interview with the teacher and the application of one diagnose with the pupils involving activities of writing of words and text. The analysis of the findings pointed out that the practice of the teacher based on “Alfabetizar Letrando” (teaching literacy using a variety of texts and ways of organising the pedagogic practice) helped 87% of the pupils to finish the school year in the alphabetical phase of writing, producing coherent and legible texts.