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标题：Efficiency losses in milk marketing boards - the importance of exports.
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作者：Rolf J. Brunstad ; Ivar Gaasland ; Erling Vårdal 等
期刊名称：Discussion Papers / Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration
印刷版ISSN：0804-6824
出版年度：2006
卷号：2006
出版社：Bergen
摘要：A milk marketing board (MMB) is a well known instrument for regulating the markets for dairy products. MMBs are based on price discrimination, and receipts from sales are pooled so that the farmers receive a single price adjusted for composition and quality. Using a numerical model, we find that the economic welfare cost of the Norwegian MMB, is as much as 26.3% of the milk production value. This computed cost is far larger than for the other countries with MMBs. The main reasons are that exports are a major ingredient of the Norwegian system, and that production costs are very high.
关键词：Milk marketing boards, Norwegian dairy policy, price discrimination, deregulation, numerical model