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标题：Driving Factors of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and the Impact from Kyoto Protocol
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作者：Nicole Grunewald ; Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
期刊名称：Discussion Papers / Ibero America Institute for Economic Research (IAI)
出版年度：2009
卷号：2009
出版社：Ibero America Institute for Economic Research
摘要：In the last two decades increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between environmental quality and economic development. According to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis this relationship may be described by an inverted-U curve. However, recent evidence rejects the EKC hypothesis for GHG emissions in a broad sense. In this paper we aim to investigate whether the EKC behavior for CO2 emissions could be proved on the behalf of institutional regulations. We analyze the driving factors of Carbon Dioxide Emissions (CO2) for developed and developing countries to test the theory of the EKC in the context of environmental regulations using a static and dynamic panel data model. We consider the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The results from this study indicate that the Kyoto obligations have a reducing effect on CO2 emissions in developed and developing countries and highlight the differences behind the driving forces of CO2 emissions for those two groups of countries. Finally, it is still too early to predict accurately the expected effects of CDM projects on emissions.
关键词：Environmental Kuznets Curve, Kyoto Protocol, CDM