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  • 标题:The Netherlands
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Hoogstra, M.- Willems, A. ; Marjanke HOOGSTRA ; Wageningen University, Forest
  • 期刊名称:Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica
  • 印刷版ISSN:1786-691X
  • 电子版ISSN:1787-064X
  • 出版年度:2005
  • 卷号:SPECIAL
  • 页码:467-484
  • 出版社:Forestry Commission of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
  • 摘要:In the Netherlands, all forestry can be considered to be small-scale forestry, irrespective of ownership category and holding size. Therefore, this paper describes current issues in forestry in the Netherlands. Special attention is given to the country’s specific characteristics: great pressure on land from the large population, intensive use of different functions of forests, a high level of public awareness of environmental issues, much detail in the scale of forestry operations, and an intensive public debate on forestry. The planning and organization of Dutch forests requires a client-oriented, entrepreneurial, multidisciplinary, and skilled staff capable of dealing with a variety of interests and interest groups. Factors that inhibit this are: · the increasing number of diverse demands and pressures on forests which often conflict; · the high degree of organization in which almost every opinion or purpose is supported by a detailed network of associations, foundations and groups which pursue their aims in a continuous dialogue with each other; · the increasing alienation of society from forest and nature, which has among others led to negative public reactions towards tree felling which in turn has influenced the harvesting of wood. · a high diversity of forest owner types, with a increasing number of forest owners managing their forest from a hobby point of view; · a lack of knowledge and experience and an attitude for entrepreneurship. · the rather poorly developed forest chains, e.g. in recreation; · the disappearance of the forest sector and the appearance of a nature sector (including forests) which makes forests and forest management less visible; · the output-oriented subsidy system may prevent any further development of products/services by forest holdings; · the diversity in owners and holding size combined with the wealth of the country has led to a large and increasing number of so-called “hobby forest owners”, who manage their forest as a hobby; · lack of knowledge and experience of forest owners, a lot of the (especially private) forest owners are male, relatively old and have a traditional lifestyle.
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