文章基本信息

标题：What is a specialist? Effects of the male concept of a successful academic person on performance in a thinking task
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作者：HEIDRUN STOEGER ; ALBERT ZIEGLER ; HANNA DAVID 等
期刊名称：Psychology Science
印刷版ISSN：1614-9947
出版年度：2004
卷号：46
期号：04
出版社：Pabst Science Publishers
摘要：For many persons the prototypical successful academic person is male. In three studies, the effects of this belief on types of solutions to a thinking task will be shown. In Study 1 (N=144), it is demonstrated that people have major difficulties finding a solution that refutes this belief. In Study 2 (N=21), which uses an equivalent formulation of the thinking problem whose solution corresponds to the male‑associated successful academic person, the level of difficulty sinks dramatically. Participants from Study 3 (N=200), who were primed with a story of either an academically successful woman or man before receiving the thinking task were female and male university students from Germany and Israel in a counterbalanced design. The results show that a successful solution requires a restructuring of the thinking task that is based on the availability and accessibility of alternatives. In the discussion, the effects of the male‑dominant interpretation of an academically successful person on Israeli and German women and men will be dealt with and starting points for change will be discussed.
关键词：thinking task – gender stereotypes – priming – cross-cultural study