文章基本信息

标题：Grammar, Contact and Time
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作者：Marianne Mithun
期刊名称：Journal of Language Contact : Evolution of Languages, Contact and Discourse
印刷版ISSN：1955-2629
出版年度：2007
卷号：2007
期号：1
出版社：Chaire IUF Dynamique du Langage et Contact des Langues
摘要：North America is home to considerable linguistic diversity, with 55-60 distinct language families and isolates in the traditional sense, that is, the largest genetic groups that can be established by the comparative method. Of these, 22 are represented in California. Some California languages are members of large families that extend over wide areas of the continent, such as Uto-Aztecan, Algic (Athabaskan-Wiyot-Yurok), and Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit. Others belong to medium or small families spoken mainly or wholly within California, such as Utian (12 languages), Yuman (11), Pomoan (7), Chumashan (6), Shastan (4), Maidun (4), Wintun (4), Yokutsan (3), Palaihnihan (2), and Yuki-Wappo (2). Some are isolates: Karuk, Chimariko, Yana, Washo, Esselen, and Salinan. Most of the currently accepted genetic classification was established over a century ago (Powell 1891). Locations of the languages can be seen in Figure 1.