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标题：Nesting biologies and immature stages of the tapinotaspidine bee genera Moneca and Lanthanomelissa and of their osirine cleptoparasites Protosiris and Parepeolus (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae). American Museum novitates ; no. 3501
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作者：Rozen ; Jerome George, -,Melo ; Gabriel A. R.,Aguiar 等
期刊名称：American Museum Novitates
印刷版ISSN：0003-0082
电子版ISSN：1937-352X
出版年度：2006
卷号：2006
页码：52-54
出版社：American Museum of Natural History
摘要："The nesting biologies of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis (Smith) and Lanthanomelissa betinae Urban (Tapinotaspidini) are described from southeastern Brazil. Both are ground nesting; the nests of the former are attacked by the cleptoparasite Protosiris gigas Melo (Osirini), and those of the latter are attacked by Parepeolus minutus Roig-Alsina (Osirini). Egg eclosion, larval feeding behavior, and cocoon spinning of M. haemorrhoidalis are detailed. A female of P. gigas opens the closed cell of M. haemorrhoidalis by making a large opening in the cell cap (which is plugged after ovipositioning) through which she apparently extends her metasoma. Indirect evidence suggests that she uses her metasomal apex, and perhaps even the sting, to kill the host egg or early instar. Protosiris eggs are either attached to the cell-wall surface of the nearly vertical host cells or dropped onto the surface of the provisions. First instars of P. gigas, with strongly curved, sharply pointed mandibles, are also capa...