NCI and VA Make It Easier for Veterans to Enter Studies, Get Advanced Care for Cancer

National Cancer InstituteFOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE, Tuesday, Jan. 13, 1997, Caroline McNeil, NCI Press Office, VA News Service

Beginning this month, veterans will gain expanded access to promising new approaches to cancer care under the terms of a clinical trials agreement announced today by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). According to the agreement, VA will provide coverage for eligible veterans to participate in a broad range of NCI clinical trials across the country.

The new partnership paves the way for more NCI clinical trials to be carried out in VA facilities. In addition, VA will pay the medical care costs of veterans who enroll in NCI trials in non-VA facilities in selected cases.

"The agreement expands the already productive relationship between VA and NCI," said VA's Kenneth W. Kizer, M.D., under secretary for health. "It means greater access to the full range of promising new treatments for cancer."

The agreement went into effect Jan. 1, 1997, and covers NCI-sponsored prevention, diagnostic, and treatment studies around the country. Under treatment trials, the agreement includes both the smaller, early trials of new approaches, known as phase I and phase II trials, and the much larger phase III trials that compare different approaches.

"Developing an expanded pool of VA cancer researchers will strengthen our clinical research program across the board," said Robert Wittes, M.D., director of NCI's Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis, and Centers. "We expect this agreement to lead to more timely answers to some major questions about preventing, diagnosing, and treating cancer."

The new agreement is part of an ongoing effort at NCI to assure continued and expanded access to clinical trials by eliminating barriers to patient enrollment. An agreement with the Department of Defense (DOD), signed last March, established a demonstration project under which the DOD's health program, TRICARE/CHAMPUS, will pay the medical care costs of patients who enroll in NCI treatment trials. The NCI is discussing similar agreements with major insurance companies, managed care organizations, and other groups. This agreement also reflects VA's recent efforts to expand its partnerships and formal relationships with non-VA health care related organizations.

Questions and Answers About the NCI/VA Agreement on Clinical Trials The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have signed an Interagency Memo of Understanding that is intended 1) to increase the access of eligible veterans to NCI-sponsored clinical trials of new approaches to cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; and 2) to provide VA clinical researchers with expanded opportunities to participate in clinical cancer research.

What is a clinical trial? In cancer research, a clinical trial is a study of how a particular intervention -- for instance, a treatment or a preventive measure or a way of diagnosing cancer -- affects the people who receive it. The rules on how the intervention is given are specified in advance in a document called a protocol.

Which clinical trials are covered by the NCI/VA agreement? The agreement covers the full range of NCI-sponsored clinical trials, including prevention, diagnostic, and treatment studies.

Prevention clinical trials look at lifestyle changes or drugs that may help prevent cancer. For example, NCI trials are now testing drugs that may prevent breast cancer in people at high risk.

Diagnostic clinical trials look at ways of detecting cancer or finding out more about a tumor. One current NCI trial, for example, is looking at new ways to analyze Pap tests for cervical cancer.

Treatment clinical trials may study new drugs or other ways of treating cancer, or they may look at new combinations of established treatments. Included in the NCI/VA agreement are phase I treatment trials, which test the safety of a treatment; phase II trials, which determine whether a treatment is effective in various kinds of cancer; and the larger phase III trials, which compare a widely accepted or "standard" treatment to a new treatment that appeared promising in phase II studies. One example of a current treatment trial is a phase II study of the drug taxol in combination with cisplatin to treat advanced or relapsed lung cancer.

Which trials are defined as "NCI-sponsored"? NCI-sponsored trials, for the purpose of the agreement, are: Trials reviewed and approved by NCI staff; Studies conducted by NCI cooperative clinical trial groups, which are networks of institutions that jointly carry out large clinical trials following the same protocols; Studies conducted in clinical and comprehensive cancer centers under an NCI-approved protocol review and surveillance mechanism; and Protocols performed under the direct support of an NCI peer-reviewed grant.

Which veterans are covered by the agreement? Veterans covered are those who fall into the "mandatory" category under legislation passed by Congress. These include: Service-connected veterans (those with a VA determination of a service-related health problem); Former prisoners of war; Veterans who were exposed to herbicides while serving in Vietnam, to ionizing radiation during atmospheric testing and during the occupation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, or to an environmental hazard while serving in the Persian Gulf Theater and need treatment for a condition that might be related to such exposures; Veterans receiving a VA pension; Veterans of World War I; Veterans eligible for Medicaid; and Veterans who are nonservice-connected and whose income is $21,001 or less if single with no dependents, or $25,204 or less if married or single with one dependent, plus $1,404 for each additional dependent.

Where can veterans enroll in NCI clinical trials? Veterans will be able to enroll in trials at participating VA facilities and, in selected cases, in non-VA institutions. VA will define the circumstances under which patients will enroll in trials in non-VA facilities. VA Medical Centers Fifty-two of the 173 VA medical centers around the country are already affiliated with NCI's cooperative groups, the networks of institutions that carry out joint clinical trials. More are expected to join the NCI cooperative groups as a result of the agreement. In addition, some VA medical centers that are affiliated with major academic medical centers are already participating actively in NCI-sponsored early clinical trials of new agents. This agreement calls for more extensive participation in the early clinical trials program by VA. Non-VA Medical Centers Under special circumstances, such as trials of particular importance to VA or trials of rare tumor types, VA may offer mandatory veterans access to NCI-sponsored clinical trials in non-VA facilities.

How do veterans and their doctors find out what trials are enrolling patients and where they are located? NCI maintains a database of clinical trials as part of its Physician Data Query (PDQ) system. PDQ provides comprehensive information on NCI-sponsored trials enrolling patients throughout the country. The database is updated monthly and provides the latest information on eligibility for clinical trials as well as physicians and hospitals participating in the trials. NCI is adding a feature to PDQ that will let users search by VA facilities and the specific trials in which the facilities are participating.

Patients and the general public can call 1-800-422-6237 (1-800-4-CANCER) to request a customized search of PDQ. Callers can ask, for example, for a search specific to a geographic location or a certain mode of treatment, as well as to the type of cancer and stage of the tumor. Health professionals can call the PDQ Search Service at 1-800-345-3300 to request a customized search or they can send an e-mail to [email protected]. In addition, NCI has developed a World Wide Web page on the Internet that allows any user to search the PDQ database directly (http:\\cancernet.nci.nih.gov).

What other joint activities does the agreement establish? NCI and VA also will establish closer cooperation in planning future trials and in addressing economic research questions, including cost effectiveness evaluation.

Cancer Information Service The Cancer Information Service (CIS) is NCI's nationwide telephone service and outreach program. The CIS meets the information needs of patients, the public, and health professionals. Specially trained staff provide the latest scientific information in understandable language. CIS staff answer questions in English and Spanish and distribute NCI materials. Toll-free phone number: 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) TTY: 1-800-332-8615

CancerFax? For NCI information by fax, dial 3014025874 from the telephone on a fax machine and listen to recorded instructions.

CancerNetTM For NCI information by computer: CancerNet Mail Service (via E-mail) To obtain a contents list, send E-mail to [email protected] with the word "help" in the body of the message. Internet CancerNet is also accessible via the Internet through the World Wide Web (http://cancernet.nci.nih.gov) and Gopher (gopher://gopher.nih.gov) servers.