文章基本信息

标题：The Effect of Environmental Changes on Swimming Performance of the White Crappie
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作者：Glenn R. Parsons ; Peter Smiley
期刊名称：Journal of Freshwater Ecology
印刷版ISSN：0270-5060
电子版ISSN：2156-6941
出版年度：2003
卷号：18
期号：1
页码：89-96
DOI：10.1080/02705060.2003.9663954
出版社：Taylor & Francis
摘要：We examined the effect of environmental change on white crappie (Pornoxis annularis) critical swimming speeds (U crit ). Fish ranging in size from about 7 to 30 cm standard length were seasonally acclimatized to winter, spring, and summer water temperatures, and their critical swimming speeds were examined. Both size and season were significant determinants of swimming ability. Performance was typically lowest during winter and highest during summer. In addition, we found that nonperformance (those fish with critical swimming speeds of less than 5 cmls) was most common among the smaller size classes and those tested during winter. We also examined the effect of rapidly decreasing temperature (25 to 15°C in one experiment and 15 to 5°C in another) and found a significant effect on performance. We examined the effect of time of day on swimming by testing fish at 1200 h under normal illumination and 2400 h under red illumination at 5, 15, and 25°C. Although nighttime swimming performance was consistently lower than daytime, the effect was not statistically significant. The results presented here suggest that fish swimming performance is significantly influenced by both short term and seasonal environmental change.