文章基本信息

标题：Major solutes, metals, and alkylated aromatic compounds in high-latitude maritime snowpacks near the trans-Alaska pipeline terminal, Valdez, Alaska
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作者：Jonathan P Bower ; Eran Hood ; Lisa A Hoferkamp 等
期刊名称：Environmental Research Letters
印刷版ISSN：1748-9326
电子版ISSN：1748-9326
出版年度：2008
卷号：3
期号：4
页码：045010-045010
DOI：10.1088/1748-9326/3/4/045010
语种：English
出版社：IOP Publishing Ltd
摘要：The chemical constituents within a snowpack can provide information about the atmosphere through which the snow was deposited. Valdez is located in south-central Alaska and has a high-latitude maritime climate, with annual snowfall typically exceeding 8 m within the city limits. Valdez is also the termination point of the trans-Alaska pipeline system, where tankers are loaded with crude oil from the North Slope of Alaska. Integrated samples of the top 1 m of snow were collected at seven sites near Valdez and analyzed for major solutes, lead, and alkylated aromatic compounds, in particular benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). For comparison, sites were also sampled near Juneau, Alaska, which has a similar climate but no petroleum transport infrastructure. Major solute chemistry at all sites was dominated by chloride and was consistent with a marine air mass source of ions in precipitation. Sulfate levels in Valdez were typically on the order of 10 µeq l⁻¹ and significantly higher than found in Juneau snow. Other major solute levels were low in Valdez and Juneau. Lead levels were below detection limits for all sites, with the exception of trace concentrations (<0.4 µg l⁻¹) reported at two Valdez locations. Alkylated organics were present at all Valdez locations, at levels similar to those documented previously in urban locations. No alkylated organics were detected in Juneau snowpacks.