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标题：THE EVACUATION OF NIŠ-THE WARTIME CAPITAL OF SERBIA-IN 1915
其他标题：EVAKUACIJA RATNE PRESTONICE SRBIJE-NIŠA 1915. GODINE
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作者：DEJAN ANTIĆ
期刊名称：Istorija 20. Veka
印刷版ISSN：0352-3160
电子版ISSN：2560-3647
出版年度：2021
卷号：39
期号：1
页码：19-34
DOI：10.29362/ist20veka.2021.1.ant.19-34
语种：French
出版社：Institut za Savremenu Istoriju
摘要：The danger of war with the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy led Regent Aleksandar Karađorđević to make a decision on July 25th, 1914 to move the state leadership of the Kingdom of Serbia, the government, the National Assembly, the state administration, and the diplomatic corps to the city of Niš. With the outbreak of World War I, Niš practically began to play the role of the wartime capital of Serbia, which would last until the autumn of 1915. With the Kingdom of Bulgaria joining the Central Powers and its entry into the war against Serbia, the position of the "wartime capital of Serbia"and its government institutions was endangered. Therefore, late September and October of 1915 saw the start of the process of the evacuation of all important government institutions from Niš. In that period, train compositions of medical supplies from the Red Cross warehouse were moved from Niš to Kruševac and Kraljevo. Foreign medical missions were evacuated as well. Intending to preserve and transport state and cultural treasures from Niš to Greece, on October 15th, Nikola Pašić issued an order to organize the complete transport of the state archives, the most valuable books and manuscripts from libraries, as well as all exhibits from existing museums, along with the evacuation of the people. As the Bulgarian troops advanced from the east, the evacuation process went under way, and on October 26th, the employees of the War Ministry as well as foreign diplomatic representatives and officials, around a thousand people, left the Red Cross Niš railway station. Despite the huge efforts of the Serbian Army in defending the country, and due to the truancy of allied forces eagerly awaited in Skopje and Niš, the German-Austro-Hungarian troops broke the Serbian resistance in the north and on November 6th Bulgarian troops advancing from the east entered the city of Niš.
其他摘要：Od 25. jula 1914. do jeseni 1915. godine grad Niš je poneo ulogu nezvanične ratne prestonice Kraljevine Srbije. Ulaskom Kraljevine Bugarske u rat na strani Centralnih sila, srpska vlada, državno rukovodstvo, Narodna skupština, diplomatski kor i ostali organi vlasti smešteni u Nišu bili su direktno ugroženi od napada neprijateljskih snaga sa istoka, zbog čega je preduzeta njihova evakuacija. Koristeći se arhivskom građom, memoarima i relevantnom literaturom u radu se prikazuju tok i detalji evakuacije Niša iz septembra i oktobra 1915. godine. Posebna pažnja u istraživanjima posvećena je evakuisanju diplomatskog osoblja, državne arhive, inostranih sanitetskih misija i industrijskih postrojenja.
关键词：City of Niš;War Capital;Kingdom of Serbia;Bulgaria;Evacuation;Red Cross;Central Powers
其他关键词：Niš;ratna prestonica;Kraljevina Srbija;Bugarska;evakuacija;Crveni krst;Centralne sile