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标题：Sorption of selected antiparasitics in soils and sediments
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作者：Andre Patrick Heinrich ; Timm Zöltzer ; Leonard Böhm 等
期刊名称：Environmental Sciences Europe
印刷版ISSN：2190-4715
出版年度：2021
卷号：33
期号：1
页码：77
DOI：10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y
出版社：BioMed Central
摘要：Background :Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate. Results :We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients K D of 38-642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed K D between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log K OC coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log K OC of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log K OW for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics. Conclusions :Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived K OW estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances. Graphic abstract : The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-021-00513-y. © The Author(s) 2021.
其他摘要：Abstract Background Veterinary pharmaceuticals can enter the environment when excreted after application and burden terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, knowledge about the basic process of sorption in soils and sediments is limited, complicating regulatory decisions. Therefore, batch equilibrium studies were conducted for the widely used antiparasitics abamectin, doramectin, ivermectin, and moxidectin to add to the assessment of their environmental fate. Results We examined 20 soil samples and six sediments from Germany and Morocco. Analysis was based on HPLC-fluorescence detection after derivatization. For soils, this resulted in distribution coefficients K D of 38–642 mL/g for abamectin, doramectin, and ivermectin. Moxidectin displayed K D between 166 and 3123 mL/g. Normalized to soil organic carbon, log K OC coefficients were 3.63, 3.93, 4.12, and 4.74 mL/g, respectively, revealing high affinity to organic matter of soils and sediments. Within sediments, distribution resulted in higher log K OC of 4.03, 4.13, 4.61, and 4.97 mL/g for the four substances. This emphasizes the diverse nature of organic matter in both environmental media. The results also confirm a newly reported log K OW for ivermectin which is higher than longstanding assumptions. Linear sorption models facilitate comparison with other studies and help establish universal distribution coefficients for the environmental risk assessment of veterinary antiparasitics. Conclusions Since environmental exposure affects soils and sediments, future sorption studies should aim to include both matrices to review these essential pharmaceuticals and mitigate environmental risks from their use. The addition of soils and sediments from the African continent (Morocco) touches upon possible broader applications of ivermectin for human use. Especially for ivermectin and moxidectin, strong sorption further indicates high hydrophobicity and provides initial concern for potential aquatic or terrestrial ecotoxicological effects such as bioaccumulation. Our derived K OW estimates also urge to re-assess this important regulatory parameter with contemporary techniques for all four substances. Graphic abstract
关键词：Africa;Avermectin;Desorption;Environmental distribution;Environmental fate;KD;KOC;Moxidectin;Pharmaceuticals;Sorption
其他关键词：Sorption, Pharmaceuticals, Environmental fate, Environmental distribution, KD, KOC, Moxidectin, Avermectin, Desorption, Africa