文章基本信息

标题：Le maïs et la mémoire bioculturelle de Mésoamérique
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作者：Toledo, Víctor M. ; Barrera-Bassols, Narciso
期刊名称：Revue d’ethnoécologie
电子版ISSN：2267-2419
出版年度：2021
期号：19
页码：1
DOI：10.4000/ethnoecologie.6928
出版社：Laboratoire Éco-anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (UMR 7206)
摘要：Presque sans exception, les plus grandes civilisations de l’antiquité ont émergé à partir de la domestication de plantes, très généralement une ou plusieurs céréales constituant la base de leur alimentation. Cette relation a été réciproque : la civilisation a diversifié la plante (nombre de variétés) ; la plante a permis l’expansion géographique et la diversification de la civilisation (nombre de langues). Ceci a apparemment été le cas du riz dans le sud-est de l’Asie, du blé et de l’orge en Asie Occidentale, de l’avoine, du seigle et l’orge en Europe, du sorgho, du millet et du teff en Afrique, de la pomme de terre et quinoa dans les Andes et du maïs en Mésoamérique. Cet article est dédié à examiner la relation entre le maïs et les cultures mésoaméricaines depuis la perspective qu’offre l’ethnoécologie.
其他摘要：Our contribution focuses on revisiting the theme of maize and the regenerative traditional agricultural system called milpa (corn-beans-squash) in its cosmogonic, cognitive, and practical context within the Mesoamerican agricultural tradition. The milpa crop fields are seen as a historical and current result of ten thousand years of civilization during which biocultural efforts have been revolving around agriculture. This extensive territory where maize – which today constitutes the staple food in Mexican and Central American kitchens – finds its origin has become a symbolic point of reference, forming the core nucleus of a cosmic matrix. Growing maize has unceasingly sculpted heterogeneous landscapes, providing meaning to the systems of knowledge about non-human living beings and their intricate cycles. The study of a Purhépecha community from Central Mexico, focusing on the study of their way of thinking and knowledge associated with maize cultivation practices, demonstrates the biocultural existence, adaptation, and resilience of this sacred-plant. It also reveals the meanings it acquires within the complex interpretation of its multiple relationships with other life entities within the community’s ontology. Through an ethnoecological approach, this example - along with many others - reveals the inseparable relationships between existing beings from the Mesoamerican world (Kosmos), the cognitive systems that organize reality (Corpus), and practices resulting from a thousand-year-old experience surrounding corn cultivation (Praxis). This active and concentrated biocultural memory belongs to the peoples who are made of maize.
关键词：patrimoine bioculturel; ethnoécologie; Mexique; maïs; milpa; Purhépecha; Mésoamérique↓México; maíz; etnoecología; patrimonio biocultural; Purhépecha; Mesoamérica; milpa
其他关键词：Mexico; ethnoecology; maize; milpa; biocultural memory; Purhépecha; Mesoamerica