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标题：Associations between a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour in a French mother–child cohort with repeated assessment of exposure
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作者：Ariane Guilbert ; Matthieu Rolland ; Isabelle Pin 等
期刊名称：Environment International
印刷版ISSN：0160-4120
电子版ISSN：1873-6750
出版年度：2021
卷号：156
页码：106697
DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2021.106697
出版社：Pergamon
摘要：Background Synthetic phenols and phthalates can interfere with biological pathways involved in brain development. Despite the high within-subject temporal variability of urinary concentrations observed for their metabolites, studies investigating effects of phenols and phthalates on child behaviour often relied on a limited number of spot biospecimens to assess exposure. Besides, the majority did not consider mixture effects. Objectives To study the combined effect of prenatal exposure to synthetic phenols and phthalates on child behaviour using repeated exposure measurements. Methods We assessed concentrations of 12 phenols, 13 phthalate and 2 non-phthalate plasticizer metabolites in within-subject pools of multiple urine samples (median = 21 samples per individual pool) collected at two distinct time points during pregnancy in 416 mother–child pairs from the French SEPAGES cohort. Child behaviour was evaluated at two years using the Child Behaviour Checklist 1.5–5 (CBCL). Associations between a mixture of biomarkers of exposure and externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores were studied using adjusted Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regressions with a repeated holdout validation (100 repetitions). Results The positive WQS indexes were associated with both the externalizing and internalizing behaviour scores in the whole population, indicating greater risk of behavioural problems. Stratification for child sex suggested stronger associations in girls than boys. On average, girls externalizing and internalizing scores increased by 3.67 points (95% CI: 1.24, 6.10) and 2.47 points (95 %CI: 0.60, 4.33) respectively, for an increase of one tertile in the WQS index, compared with 1.70 points (95 %CI: −0.42, 3.81) and 1.17 points (95 %CI: −0.50, 2.84) in boys. Main contributors for the associations observed in girls were bisphenol A (weight of 18%), triclosan (17%) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP, 15%) for the externalizing score and MEP (19%), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP, 19%) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP, 16%) for the internalizing score. Discussion Our results suggest adverse associations between in utero exposure to a mixture of phenols and phthalates and child behaviour, mainly in girls. Public health consequences may be substantial due to the widespread exposure of the population to these compounds.
关键词：Child behavior ; Bisphenols ; Phthalates ; Prenatal exposure ; Triclosan ; Weighted quantile sum regression ; CBCL child behaviour checklist ; CI confidence interval ; cx-MiNP mono(4-methyl-7-carboxy-heptyl) phthalate ; DBP dibutyl phthalate ; DEHP di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; DiBP diisobutyl phthalate ; DiNCH di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1;2-dicarboxylate ; DiNP diisononyl phthalate ; DPHP di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate ; FWER family-wise error rate ; IQR interquartile range ; MBzP mono-benzyl phthalate ; MECPP mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate ; MEHP mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; MEHHP mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate ; MEOHP mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate ; MEP monoethyl phthalate ; MiBP mono-isobutyl phthalate ; MMCHP mono(2-methylcarboxyhexyl) phthalate ; MnBP mono-n-butyl phthalate ; LOD limit of detection ; LOQ limit of quantification ; ohMiNCH 2-(((hydroxy-4-methyloctyl)oxy)carbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ; OH-MiNP mono(4-methyl-7-hydroxy-octyl) phthalate ; ohMPHP 6-hydroxy-mono-propyl-heptyl phthalate ; oxoMiNCH 2-(((4-methyl-7-oxyooctyl)oxy)carbonyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ; oxo-MiNP mono(4-methyl-7-oxo-octyl) phthalate ; SD standard deviation ; SE standard error ; WQS weighted quantile sum ; ΣDEHP molar sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ; ΣDiNP molar sum of diisononyl phthalate ; ΣDiNCH molar sum of di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1;2-dicarboxylate