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  • 标题:Decomposing loss aversion from gaze allocation and pupil dilation
  • 本地全文:下载
  • 作者:Feng Sheng ; Arjun Ramakrishnan ; Darsol Seok
  • 期刊名称:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
  • 印刷版ISSN:0027-8424
  • 电子版ISSN:1091-6490
  • 出版年度:2020
  • 卷号:117
  • 期号:21
  • 页码:11356-11363
  • DOI:10.1073/pnas.1919670117
  • 出版社:The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
  • 摘要:Loss-averse decisions, in which one avoids losses at the expense of gains, are highly prevalent. However, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. The prevailing account highlights a valuation bias that overweighs losses relative to gains, but an alternative view stresses a response bias to avoid choices involving potential losses. Here we couple a computational process model with eye-tracking and pupillometry to develop a physiologically grounded framework for the decision process leading to accepting or rejecting gambles with equal odds of winning and losing money. Overall, loss-averse decisions were accompanied by preferential gaze toward losses and increased pupil dilation for accepting gambles. Using our model, we found gaze allocation selectively indexed valuation bias, and pupil dilation selectively indexed response bias. Finally, we demonstrate that our computational model and physiological biomarkers can identify distinct types of loss-averse decision makers who would otherwise be indistinguishable using conventional approaches. Our study provides an integrative framework for the cognitive processes that drive loss-averse decisions and highlights the biological heterogeneity of loss aversion across individuals.
  • 关键词:loss aversion ; gaze allocation ; pupil dilation ; drift-diffusion model
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