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标题：B cells reappear less mature and more activated after their anti-CD20–mediated depletion in multiple sclerosis
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作者：Nitzan Nissimov ; Zivar Hajiyeva ; Sebastian Torke 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2020
卷号：117
期号：41
页码：25690-25699
DOI：10.1073/pnas.2012249117
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：B cell depletion via anti-CD20 antibodies is a highly effective treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the maturation/activation stage of the returning B cell population after treatment cessation and the wider effects on other immune cells. In the present study, 15 relapsing-remitting MS patients receiving 1,000 mg of rituximab were included. B, T, and myeloid cells were analyzed before anti-CD20 administration and in different time intervals thereafter over a period of 24 mo. In comparison to the phenotype before anti-CD20 treatment, the reappearing B cell pool revealed a less mature and more activated phenotype: 1) reappearing B cells were significantly enriched in transitional (before: 10.1 ± 1.9%, after: 58.8 ± 5.2%) and mature naive phenotypes (before: 45.5 ± 3.1%, after: 25.1 ± 3.5%); 2) the frequency of memory B cells was reduced (before: 36.7 ± 3.1%, after: 8.9 ± 1.7%); and 3) reappearing B cells showed an enhanced expression of activation markers CD25 (before: 2.1 ± 0.4%, after: 9.3 ± 2.1%) and CD69 (before: 5.9 ± 1.0%, after: 21.4 ± 3.0%), and expressed significantly higher levels of costimulatory CD40 and CD86. T cells showed 1) a persistent increase in naive (CD4 : before: 11.8 ± 1.3%, after: 18.4 ± 3.4%; CD8 : before: 12.5 ± 1.4%, after: 16.5 ± 2.3%) and 2) a decrease in terminally differentiated subsets (CD4 : before: 47.3 ± 3.2%, after: 34.4 ± 3.7%; CD8 : before: 53.7 ± 2.1%, after: 49.1 ± 2.7%).
关键词：multiple sclerosis ; anti-CD20 therapy ; B cells ; T cells ; repletion