文章基本信息

标题：Constrained optimal foraging by marine bacterioplankton on particulate organic matter
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作者：Yutaka Yawata ; Francesco Carrara ; Filippo Menolascina 等
期刊名称：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
印刷版ISSN：0027-8424
电子版ISSN：1091-6490
出版年度：2020
卷号：117
期号：41
页码：25571-25579
DOI：10.1073/pnas.2012443117
出版社：The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
摘要：Optimal foraging theory provides a framework to understand how organisms balance the benefits of harvesting resources within a patch with the sum of the metabolic, predation, and missed opportunity costs of foraging. Here, we show that, after accounting for the limited environmental information available to microorganisms, optimal foraging theory and, in particular, patch use theory also applies to the behavior of marine bacteria in particle seascapes. Combining modeling and experiments, we find that the marine bacterium Vibrio ordalii optimizes nutrient uptake by rapidly switching between attached and planktonic lifestyles, departing particles when their nutrient concentration is more than hundredfold higher than background. In accordance with predictions from patch use theory, single-cell tracking reveals that bacteria spend less time on nutrient-poor particles and on particles within environments that are rich or in which the travel time between particles is smaller, indicating that bacteria tune the nutrient concentration at detachment to increase their fitness. A mathematical model shows that the observed behavioral switching between exploitation and dispersal is consistent with foraging optimality under limited information, namely, the ability to assess the harvest rate of nutrients leaking from particles by molecular diffusion. This work demonstrates how fundamental principles in behavioral ecology traditionally applied to animals can hold right down to the scale of microorganisms and highlights the exquisite adaptations of marine bacterial foraging. The present study thus provides a blueprint for a mechanistic understanding of bacterial uptake of dissolved organic matter and bacterial production in the ocean—processes that are fundamental to the global carbon cycle.
关键词：patch use theory ; Vibrio sp;; motility ; biofilm ; cyclic di-GMP