文章基本信息

标题：Effects of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Urbanization on Indonesian Environmental Quality
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作者：Husna Purnama ; Toto Gunarto ; Ida Budiarty 等
期刊名称：International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy
电子版ISSN：2146-4553
出版年度：2020
卷号：10
期号：6
页码：580-587
DOI：10.32479/ijeep.10586
出版社：EconJournals
摘要：This study attempts to investigate the impact of urbanization on environmental degradation in the presence of economic growth, trade, and use of energy for Indonesia. For this purpose, this study uses CO 2 emission as endogenous indicators and GDP per capita, the use of energy, urbanization, and trade liberalization as exogenous indicators. Annual time series data are taken from World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period of 1970 to 2018. First of all, in order to check the characteristics of the indicator ADF and PP unit root tests are applied. Results indicate that Trade and Urbanization are stationary at a level while rests of all are at first difference. Further, the study uses the ARDL-bound test to check the co-integration in the model and verifies the existence of co-integration. The long run results are estimated by ARDL methodology. Results confirmed that there does not exit the EKC hypothesis in Indonesia because economic growth boosts the carbon production level in Indonesia. Energy consumption also creates environmental degradation while trade decreases the carbon emission level. Urbanization has not significantly influenced the level of the environment. It is just because of the country's high urban development, energy use is still less due to the less income of the majority of population, and this may be one of the explanations why urbanization is not affecting the country's carbon dioxide pollution.
关键词：Emission of CO 2 ;Urbanization;Use of Energy;ARDL;Development of Economy;Indonesia