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标题：Hope as an emotion of expectancy: first assessment results
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作者：Marcus Roth ; Philipp Hammelstein
期刊名称：GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine
印刷版ISSN：1860-5214
出版年度：2007
卷号：4
页码：1-9
出版社：German Medical Science
摘要：Theoretical background: Based on deficiencies of present conceptions of hope, an appraisal model is proposed as an alternative approach, in which hope is defined as the expectancy that a possible event, which a person rates positively, will occur in the future. The event depends both on situational and internal factors. This model differentiates between a subjective probability of occurrence and a subjective probability of affiliation. The first refers to a person’s estimation of the probability that a positive event can occur in general (e.g. the chances of recovering from a life-threatening illness); the second refers to the estimated probability that he/she belongs to those, for which the positive outcome is likely. Objective: The present contribution is a first validation of the appraisal model of hope. Methods: On a sample of prisoners (N=172) the degree of hope never to be incarcerated again after serving the present sentence was tested. Furthermore, personality dimensions, psychological distress, perceived social support and features of childhood delinquency were assessed using questionnaires. Results: As expected, the results indicate that both probability-estimations are largely independent of each other and were predicted by different factors (such as duration of arrest, anxiety, social support, or childhood delinquency).
关键词：hope; expectation; appraisal-theory; assessment; prisoners