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标题：Comparative study on heat transfer and friction drag in the flow of various hybrid nanofluids effected by aligned magnetic field and nonlinear radiation
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作者：M. Riaz Khan ; Mingxia Li ; Shipeng Mao 等
期刊名称：Scientific Reports
电子版ISSN：2045-2322
出版年度：2021
卷号：11
期号：1
页码：3691
DOI：10.1038/s41598-021-81581-1
出版社：Springer Nature
摘要：Abstract The key purpose of the existing article is to discuss the effects of various hybrid nanofluids and a simple nanofluid over the heat transfer and friction drags along a stretched surface. The various kinds of hybrid nanofluids and a simple nanofluid together with the effects of aligned magnetic field, nonlinear radiation and suction have been taken into consideration. These hybrid nanofluids are prepared by suspending a couple of distinct nanoparticles $$Cu$$ Cu and $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ A l 2 O 3 into the base fluids $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O and $${C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ C 2 H 6 O 2 . The comparison of various graphical results of skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer, velocity and temperature for two different hybrid nanofluids $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O , $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O{-}{C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ H 2 O - C 2 H 6 O 2 and a simple nanofluid $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O is considered. Moreover, the impact of surface stretching, aligned magnetic field and thermal radiation over the velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are also considered. The outcomes drawn from this modern research is that the hybrid nanofluid $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O{-}{C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ H 2 O - C 2 H 6 O 2 is quite effective in cooling and heating in comparison to the other hybrid nanofluids $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O , $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ C 2 H 6 O 2 and a simple nanofluid $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}/{H}_{2}O$$ A l 2 O 3 / H 2 O . Based on these findings we could say that the suspension of multiple particles in the composition of two or more base fluids provides a better rate of heat transfer and limits the friction drag.
其他摘要：Abstract The key purpose of the existing article is to discuss the effects of various hybrid nanofluids and a simple nanofluid over the heat transfer and friction drags along a stretched surface. The various kinds of hybrid nanofluids and a simple nanofluid together with the effects of aligned magnetic field, nonlinear radiation and suction have been taken into consideration. These hybrid nanofluids are prepared by suspending a couple of distinct nanoparticles $$Cu$$ Cu and $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ A l 2 O 3 into the base fluids $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O and $${C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ C 2 H 6 O 2 . The comparison of various graphical results of skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer, velocity and temperature for two different hybrid nanofluids $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O , $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O{-}{C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ H 2 O - C 2 H 6 O 2 and a simple nanofluid $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O is considered. Moreover, the impact of surface stretching, aligned magnetic field and thermal radiation over the velocity, temperature, skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are also considered. The outcomes drawn from this modern research is that the hybrid nanofluid $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O{-}{C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ H 2 O - C 2 H 6 O 2 is quite effective in cooling and heating in comparison to the other hybrid nanofluids $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${H}_{2}O$$ H 2 O , $$Cu{-}A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}$$ C u - A l 2 O 3 / $${C}_{2}{H}_{6}{O}_{2}$$ C 2 H 6 O 2 and a simple nanofluid $$A{l}_{2}{O}_{3}/{H}_{2}O$$ A l 2 O 3 / H 2 O . Based on these findings we could say that the suspension of multiple particles in the composition of two or more base fluids provides a better rate of heat transfer and limits the friction drag.