文章基本信息

标题：Uncovering the chemistry behind inducible morphological defences in the crustacean Daphnia magna via micro-Raman spectroscopy
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作者：Sven Ritschar ; Vinay Kumar Bangalore Narayana ; Max Rabus 等
期刊名称：Scientific Reports
电子版ISSN：2045-2322
出版年度：2020
卷号：10
期号：1
页码：1-14
DOI：10.1038/s41598-020-79755-4
出版社：Springer Nature
摘要：The widespread distribution of Crustacea across every aquatic ecological niche on Earth is enabled due to their exoskeleton's versatile properties. Especially mineralization of the exoskeleton provides protection against diverse environmental threats. Thereby, the exoskeleton of some entomostracans is extremely phenotypically plastic, especially in response to predators. For instance, the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia forms conspicuous inducible morphological defenses, such as helmets, and can increase the stability of its exoskeleton, which renders them less vulnerable to predation. In this study, we reveal for the first time the chemical composition of the exoskeleton of Daphnia magna, using Raman spectroscopy, to be composed of α-chitin and proteins with embedded amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Furthermore, we reveal the exoskeleton's chemical changes associated with inducible defense mechanisms in the form of more substantial mineralization, which is probably correlated with enhanced carapace stability. We, therefore, highlight the importance of calcium-biominerals for inducible morphological defenses in Daphnia.
其他摘要：Abstract The widespread distribution of Crustacea across every aquatic ecological niche on Earth is enabled due to their exoskeleton's versatile properties. Especially mineralization of the exoskeleton provides protection against diverse environmental threats. Thereby, the exoskeleton of some entomostracans is extremely phenotypically plastic, especially in response to predators. For instance, the freshwater zooplankton Daphnia forms conspicuous inducible morphological defenses, such as helmets, and can increase the stability of its exoskeleton, which renders them less vulnerable to predation. In this study, we reveal for the first time the chemical composition of the exoskeleton of Daphnia magna, using Raman spectroscopy , to be composed of α-chitin and proteins with embedded amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). Furthermore, we reveal the exoskeleton's chemical changes associated with inducible defense mechanisms in the form of more substantial mineralization, which is probably correlated with enhanced carapace stability. We, therefore, highlight the importance of calcium-biominerals for inducible morphological defenses in Daphnia .