文章基本信息

标题：Manufacture of items of hard materials of animal origin during the Late Bronze Age (the Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex)
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作者：Mariana Sîrbu
期刊名称：Tyragetia
印刷版ISSN：1857-0240
电子版ISSN：2537-6330
出版年度：2011
卷号：V [XX]
期号：1
页码：199-224
出版社：National Museum of History of Moldova
摘要：This article presents the categories of bone and horn objects with the reasoning of their purpose and technique of manufacture. Numerous bone articles found in the settlements and burials of the Noua-Sabatinovka cultural complex indicate the high development of techniques of manufacture of bone tools. From 1956 to 2008 in the course archaeological excavations and prospecting in the territory of the Republic of Moldova there were discovered 620 bone items (awls, scrapers, polishers etc.), 28 horn items (17 made of antler and 11 of cattle horn), 3 wild boar’s tusks, and two shells of mollusks. List of illustrations: Fig. 1. Map of discoveries of bone items. Fig. 2. 1-9 - Arrow-heads (1-6 - Ghindești; 7, 8 - Odaia; 9 - Slobozia-Şireuți); 10-18 - awls (10 - Ghindești; 11 - Cobâlnea; 12 - Petrușeni; 13-18 - Odaia); 19-26 - needles (19, 24, 25 - Ghindești; 20, 21 - Slobozia-Şireuți; 22, 26 - Cobâlnea; 23 - Odaia) (1-6, 10, 19 - after Мелюкова 1957; 7, 13, 14, 18 - after Sava, Kaiser 2004; 8, 15 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 11, 17, 22, 26 - after Левицкий 1988; 12 - Левицкий 1985; 16, 23 - Sava, Kaiser 2007; 24, 25 - Мелюкова 1958). Fig. 3. 1-9 - Awls with incrustations (Frunze); 10-13 - chisels (10, 11 - Petrușeni; 12, 13 - Odaia) (1-9 - after Sava, Agulnicov 2003; 10, 11 - after Sava 1992; 12 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 13 - after Sava, Kaiser 2004). Fig. 4. 1-5 - „Skates” (1 - Costești; 2 - Slobodca-Şireuți; 3 - Odaia; 4 - Ghindești; 5 - Cobâlnea (1 - after Дергачёв 1976; 3 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 4 - after Мелюкова 1958). Fig. 5. 1-8 - Indented tools made of blade bones (1 - Slobozia-Şireuți; 2, 5 - Nisporeni; 3, 6 - Costești; 4 - Cotiujeni; 7 - Cobâlnea; 8 - Petrușeni (7 - after Левицкий 1988; 8 - after Левицкий 1985). Fig. 6. 1-7 - Sickles-„tupiks” (1-4, 6, 7 - Ghindești; 5 - Costești (1, 2, 7 - after Мелюкова 1958; 3, 4, 6 - after Мелюкова 1957; 5 - after Дергачёв 1976). Fig. 7. 1-9 - Scrapers-polishers (1, 4 - Petrușeni; 2 - Cobâlnea; 3, 8 - Costești; 5, 7 - Odaia; 6 - Ghindești; 9 - Odaia (1, 4 - after Левицкий 1985; 2 - after Левицкий 1988; 5 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 6 - after Мелюкова 1957; 7, 9 - after Sava, Kaiser 2004). Fig. 8. 1-5 - Elements of horse harness (1 - Grigoreuca; 2 - Cucoara; 3, 4 - Cobâlnea; 5 - Petrușeni); 6-9 - spindle whorls (6, 7 - Odaia; 8 - Petrușeni; 9 - Cobâlnea) (2 - after Бейлекчи 1974; 3, 4, 9 - after Левицкий 1988; 5 - after Sava 1998; 6 - after Sava, Kaiser 2004; 7 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 8 - after Левицкий 1985). Fig. 9. 1, 2 - Handles/tubes (1 - Petrușeni; 2 - Slobozia-Şireuți); 3-5, 9, 10 - pendants (3 - Ghindești; 4 - Petrușeni; 5 - Slobozia-Şireuți; 9 - Ghindești; 10 - Odaia); 6-8 - buttons (6 - Pererâta; 7 - Slobozia-Şireuți; 8 - Crasnoe); 11-15 - dice of lamb ankles (11 - Frunze; 12 - Mereni; 13, 14 - Odaia; 15 - Calfa) (1, 4 - after Левицкий 1985; 6 - after Яровой, Курчятов 1988; 8 - after Серова, Яровой 1987; 9 - after Мелюкова 1957; 10, 14 - after Sava, Kaiser 2006; 11 - after Sava, Agulnicov 2003; 13 - after Sava, Kaiser 2004; 15 - after Чеботаренко 1963). Fig. 10. 1, 2 - Bull horns (1 - Mereni; 2 - Petrușeni); 3-6 - antlers (3 - Costești; 4-6 - Cobâlnea). (2 - after Левицкий 1985; 4-6 - after Левицкий 1988).