文章基本信息

标题：Zaniknuté a existujúce historické cintoríny Bratislavy – špeciálne kultúrne a prírodné pamiatky mestskej krajiny
其他标题：Extinct and Existing Historical Cemeteries of Bratislava – Special Cultural and Natural Monuments of Urban Landscape
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作者：Tatiana Hrnčiarová
期刊名称：Životné prostredie
印刷版ISSN：0044-4863
电子版ISSN：2585-7800
出版年度：2019
卷号：53
期号：1
页码：32-40
出版社：Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
摘要：Herein we record the creation of several cemeteries in Bratislava; in both its historical core and suburbs. The first cemetery was documented at Bratislava Castle in the 9th century, and by the end of the 19th century, 21 cemeteries had been established in the city and its suburbs. As the population grew with intensive city urbanisation and hygiene, cemeteries began to emerge in the more distant city outskirts. There were three temporal stages: location of cemeteries in the inner city in the 13th to 14th centuries; cemeteries in the inner suburbs in the 14th to 18th centuries and cemeteries located more in the outer suburbs after the 18th century to ensure hygiene. There are six cemetery categories dependent on location: on the castle hill in the fortified Bratislava Castle (1 cemetery), in the inner city enclosed by city walls (1), in the inner suburb between the city walls and palisade fortification (6), in the outer suburbs between the palisade and the wall fortification (5), on the castle hill outside Bratislava Castle fortifications (5) and behind the fortified wall (3). Of the total number of 21 cemeteries, five have been preserved and four are just historical fragments. These are respected national cultural monuments and city memorials; and although their natural protection is inadequate, they are considered significant gene pool sites.
关键词：historical cemeteries; development and spatial location of cemeteries from the 9th to the 19th centuries; Bratislava; cultural and natural conservation of cemeteries