文章基本信息

标题：MEDITERRANEAN TERRACED LANDSCAPES: LAND USE CHANGES
其他标题：SREDOZEMSKA TERASIRANA POKRAJINA: SPREMEMBE V RABI TAL
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作者：Lučka Ažman Momirski
期刊名称：AR: Arhitektura, Raziskave
印刷版ISSN：1580-5573
电子版ISSN：1581-6974
出版年度：2014
卷号：15
期号：1
语种：English
出版社：University of Ljubljana
摘要：A considerable number of papers have already been published on land use changes in the past 200 years on the territory of Central Europe. All these studies basically draw on the Franciscan Cadastre,made in the first half of the 19th century for the area of the then Austrian Empire. Some of them clearly present land use changes in the area of entire states or regions of today;the most often studied countries are Bohemia,Slovenia and Austria. Land use changes in the current research were studied on terraced terrains which predominantly mark the image of the Mediterranean landscape. Special factors of land-use changes are related exactly to terraces. The village Ostrožno Brdo,which is located in the transition zone between the Mediterranean and the Dinaric world,was one of the villages selected for the case study. Land use of the studied area was significantly influenced by political changes,since after the collapse of Austria-Hungary,the studied area was,in turn,part of three different states. The terraced area in the cadastral municipality of Ostrožno Brdo accounts for mere 10% of the total area or 93.6 ha of land. A typical feature of the Brkini terraces is the length of terrace platform or the whole terrace;terraces are usually about 150 m long,while in the landscape most expressive areas,terraces are even longer than 300 meters. During almost 200 years the terraces and their slopes have preserved the same forms. Afforestation is an explicitly recognizable process of landuse changes in the entire cadastral municipality. The present forest cover amounts to as much as 82%. The percentage of woodland increased even on terraces,i.e. from 1% to 8%;the data show the overgrowing of cultural terraces. Due to the changes in demography,the land-use category of grassland has decreased more than four times since the Franciscan Cadastre,and also fields and gardens do not exceed 2% today. The present terrace orchards represent an important land category,since they amount up to 12%. In past times,more than two-thirds of terraced land were used for fields and gardens,but their percentage is now slightly lower than that of orchards. In addition to the increase in orchards and woodland,the percentage of grassland also increased,almost three times. Insulation of terraces is important information with regard to land use,since most of the terraces are oriented towards the north. At Ostrožno Brdo landforms mainly influence the distribution of terraces,and altitude above sea level influences the selection of farming cultures.
其他摘要：Doslej so bile objavljene številne razprave,ki obravnavajo spreminjanje rabe tal v zadnjih 200 letih na ozemlju srednje Evrope. Osnovni vir vseh teh študij je franciscejski kataster,ki je bil izdelan v prvi polovici 19. stoletja na območju nekdanjega Avst