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标题：Blueberry Counteracts BV-2 Microglia Morphological and Functional Switch after LPS Challenge
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作者：Maria Giovanna De Caris ; Maddalena Grieco ; Elisa Maggi 等
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2020
卷号：12
期号：6
页码：1830-1847
DOI：10.3390/nu12061830
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Microglia, the innate immune cells of the CNS, respond to brain injury by activating and modifying their morphology. Our study arises from the great interest that has been focused on blueberry (BB) for the antioxidant and pharmacological properties displayed by its components. We analyzed the influence of hydroalcoholic BB extract in resting or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia BV-2 cells. BB exerted a protective effect against LPS-induced cytotoxicity, as indicated by cell viability. BB was also able to influence the actin cytoskeleton organization, to recover the control phenotype after LPS insult, and also to reduce LPS-driven migration. We evaluated the activity of Rho and Rac1 GTPases, which regulate both actin cytoskeletal organization and migratory capacity. LPS caused an increase in Rac1 activity, which was counteracted by BB extract. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, in the presence of BB, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α decreased, as did the immunofluorescence signal of iNOS, whereas that of Arg-1 was increased. Taken together, our results show that, during the inflammatory response, BB extract shifts the M1 polarization towards the M2 phenotype through an actin cytoskeletal rearrangement. Based on that, we might consider BB as a nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory activities.
关键词：blueberry; BV-2 cells; actin cytoskeleton; cell migration; Rho; Rac1; M1/M2 phenotypes; inflammatory cytokines blueberry ; BV-2 cells ; actin cytoskeleton ; cell migration ; Rho ; Rac1 ; M1/M2 phenotypes ; inflammatory cytokines