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标题：Calculating Protein Content of Expressed Breast Milk to Optimize Protein Supplementation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Minimal Effort—A Secondary Analysis
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作者：Michaela Minarski ; Christoph Maas ; Corinna Engel 等
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2020
卷号：12
期号：5
页码：1231-1239
DOI：10.3390/nu12051231
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Breast milk does not meet the nutritional needs of preterm infants, necessitating fortification. Breast milk is particularly variable in protein content, hence standardized (fixed dosage) supplementation results in inadequate supply. This was a secondary analysis of 589 breast milk protein content measurements of 51 mothers determined by mid-infrared spectroscopy during a clinical trial of higher versus lower protein supplementation in very low birth weight infants. Mothers (and breast milk samples) were divided into a test (41 mothers) and a validation cohort (10 mothers). In the test cohort, the decrease in protein content by day of lactation was modeled resulting in the breast milk-equation (BME)). In the validation cohort, five supplementation strategies to optimize protein supply were compared: standardized supplementation (adding 1.0 g (S1) or 1.42 g protein/100 mL (S2)) was compared with ‘adapted’ supplementation, considering variation in protein content (protein content according to Gidrewicz and Fenton (A1), to BME (A2) and to BME with adjustments at days 12 and 26 (A3)). S1 and S2 achieved 5% and 24% of adequate protein supply, while the corresponding values for A1–A3 were 89%, 96% and 95%. Adapted protein supplementation based on calculated breast milk protein content is easy, non-invasive, inexpensive and improves protein supply compared to standardized supplementation.
关键词：infant; premature; very low birth weight infant; enteral feeding; nutrition; breast milk; protein supply; individual fortification infant ; premature ; very low birth weight infant ; enteral feeding ; nutrition ; breast milk ; protein supply ; individual fortification