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标题：Protective Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cancer-Related Complications
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作者：Raquel D. S. Freitas ; Maria M. Campos
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2019
卷号：11
期号：5
页码：945-967
DOI：10.3390/nu11050945
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are considered immunonutrients and are commonly used in the nutritional therapy of cancer patients due to their ample biological effects. Omega-3 PUFAs play essential roles in cell signaling and in the cell structure and fluidity of membranes. They participate in the resolution of inflammation and have anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. Additionally, they can act as agonists of G protein-coupled receptors, namely, GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4. Cancer patients undergo complications, such as anorexia-cachexia syndrome, pain, depression, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Interestingly, the 2017 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines for cancer patients only discuss the use of omega-3 PUFAs for cancer-cachexia treatment, leaving aside other cancer-related complications that could potentially be managed by omega-3 PUFA supplementation. This critical review aimed to discuss the effects and the possible underlying mechanisms of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-related complications. Data compilation in this critical review indicates that further investigation is still required to assess the factual benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cancer-associated illnesses. Nevertheless, preclinical evidence reveals that omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites might modulate pivotal pathways underlying complications secondary to cancer, indicating that this is a promising field of knowledge to be explored.
关键词：omega-3; cancer; nutrition; anorexia-cachexia syndrome; pain; depression; paraneoplastic syndromes omega-3 ; cancer ; nutrition ; anorexia-cachexia syndrome ; pain ; depression ; paraneoplastic syndromes