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标题：Differences and Similarities between Front-of-Pack Nutrition Labels in Europe: A Comparison of Functional and Visual Aspects
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作者：Daphne L. M. van der Bend ; Lauren Lissner
期刊名称：Nutrients
电子版ISSN：2072-6643
出版年度：2019
卷号：11
期号：3
页码：626-641
DOI：10.3390/nu11030626
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：Many different front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels have been introduced worldwide. To continue the debate on the most effective FOP labels for increased consumer health, full comprehension of their visual and functional features is relevant. This paper compares and provides an overview of all FOP labels currently in practice or in preparation in Europe, by means of the visually oriented Funnel Model. The Funnel Models were completed in collaboration with the respective FOP labelling initiatives. In total, six positive FOP labels, two mixed FOP labels and one negative FOP label were compared. There are multiple similarities and differences between the FOP labels, with each FOP label being characterised by a unique set of criteria and methodological approach. This Funnel Model comparison provides the knowledge to ultimately find more common ground for all stakeholders involved in the FOP labelling debate. Importantly, implementation and evaluation activities carried out by FOP labelling organisations are crucial success factors for FOP labels in practice. We conclude that more attention should be paid to methodological differences between FOP labels and recommend that the current comparison is expanded to a global level and periodically updated, as the variety of FOP labels in the global marketplace is changing constantly.
关键词：front-of-pack nutrition label; nutrient profiling; comparison; methodological approach; funnel model front-of-pack nutrition label ; nutrient profiling ; comparison ; methodological approach ; funnel model