文章基本信息

标题：Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Camilerin Finansmanı
其他标题：Osmanlı'dan Cumhuriyet'e Camilerin Finansmanı
本地全文：下载
作者：Ahmet ONAY
期刊名称：Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi
印刷版ISSN：1303-880X
电子版ISSN：2667-7504
出版年度：2009
卷号：7
期号：18
页码：43-80
出版社：Ensar Nesriyat Ticaret A.S.
摘要：Bu makalede camilerin yapımı, bakımı ve görevli ücretlerinin ödenmesi konuları araştırılmıştır. Makalede tarihî arka plân göz önünde bulundurularak, söz konusu cami giderlerinin finansmanının dinî ve pratik temelleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü, cami dernekleri ve Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı'nın cami giderlerinin finansmanındaki rolleri ele alınmıştır. Bu yapılırken, Cumhuriyet döneminde camilerin finansmanına ilişkin uygulamalar ve gelişen hukukî çerçeve ortaya konularak yapılması gereken bazı hususlara dikkat çekilmiştir.Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına bakıldığında; a) camilerin yaklaşık g'sinin doğrudan yöre halkı, 'ünün dernekler, 'inin şahıslar ve %1'inin de vakıflar tarafından yaptırıldığı; b) camilerden x'inin giderlerinin doğrudan yöre halkı tarafından karşılandığı; c) camilerin %7'sinin mülkiyeti derneklere ait olmasına rağmen, 'inin giderlerinin cami derneklerince üslenildiği; d) mülkiyeti vakıflara ait olan camilerin oranı yaklaşık olduğu halde, giderleri vakıflar tarafından karşılanan camilerin oranının yaklaşık %1 düzeyinde olduğu; e) camilerin %7'sinin mülkiyeti belediyelere ait olduğu halde, giderleri tamamen belediyeler tarafından karşılanan cami bulunmadığı görülmektedir.
其他摘要：This paper is assessed financing expenditures related to construction of mosques and maintenance costs and salaries of imams and other religious practitioners who work for mosques. Considering historical background, religious and practical foundations of financing of mosque expenditures are investigated. Role of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (the Diyanet), the General Directorate of Foundations, mosque societies and the Turkish Diyanet Foundation in financing these expenditures are also examined. In doing so, practices for financing mosques and also legal framework which is developed in Republican era are scrutinized and some comments are pointed out accordingly. Some important figures related to construction of mosques, their ownership and also their expenditures are: a) approximately 67% of mosques are constructed directly by local people without using a formal or a civil organisation, or an association, 13% of them by mosque associations, 11% of them by individuals or civil initiatives and 1% of them by formal and civil foundations; b)maintenance costs of about 78% of mosques are met directly by locals around them; c) although 13 of mosques are constructed by mosque associations, 15% of mosques’ maintenance costs are met by them; d) however both formal and civil foundations are legal owners of 12% of mosques, only about 1% of mosques’ maintenance costs are met by these foundations; e) ownership of nearly 7% of mosques is belonged to municipal authorities, whereas proportion of mosques that maintenance costs are met by municipal authorities is zero. Findings of this study also revealed that foundations for mosques had an important place in meeting expenditures of mosques. According to Islam, in one hand every mosque is accounted as a foundation, on the other hand incomes of all real estate properties which devoted for mosques are obviously foundations. This very idea, which was generated from Islamic understanding and its applications throughout Islamic history, is regarded as legal and mostly followed by Turkish Republic as well. However, within the last century, it is understood that mosque foundations decreased their importance in meeting these expenses, and mosque societies gained an important position in this matter. Moreover, when salaries of imams and other religious practitioners are started to pay by the State budget in 1950, the General Directorate of Foundations is released from the duty of paying salary of imams and other religious practitioners. At the same time, although in accordance with law of the Presidency of Religious Affairs (Number 633 and Article 30), and law of the General Directorate of Foundations (Number 5737 and Article 31) is obliged to meet expenditures of mosques related to heating, lighting and other maintenance issues of mosques, nothing has paid up to date in terms of to compensate these expenses by the General Directorate of Foundations. In terms of financing mosque expenses, one of the most important improvements is that imams are started to appoint by the Diyanet as a department of the central government to villages and satellite towns, and therefore, for the first time, their salaries are also started to pay by the State budget in 1965.
关键词：Diyanet ; Cami ; İmam ; Müezzin ; Vakıf ; Dernek ; Finans ; Gider.
其他关键词：Presidency of Religious Affairs ; the Diyanet ; Mosque ; Imam ; Muezzin ; Foundation ; Society ; Finance ; Expenditure.