The article aims to describe the perspectives of studies on the evaluation of the Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES) in the light of multiple theoretical-methodological approaches. A bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases, totaling 73 works read in full, 28 of which were considered for discussion. In the document analysis, the MEC Management reports of the last 10 years were explored. The findings show that the evaluation forms of the Program are generally focused on the local reality of a specific institution. The studies analyzed justify that there is no evaluation research or under the focus of multiple theoretical-methodological approaches that contribute to national assessment of the PNAES. It is possible to affirm the need to develop, validate, apply and disseminate pluralistic evaluation research in order to verify the implementation of the Program.