Abstract In Brazil, Large Investment Projects (LIPs) linked to infrastructure works are responsible for large job creation and, indeed, for the country's economic growth, such as the construction of hydroelectric plants in the State of Rondônia. The objective of this article is to discuss the effects of the implantations and the projects of large enterprises in the State of Rondônia, for 2010. Thus, the factorial analysis is used as a methodology to characterize agglomeration and deagglomeration factors of the Rondônia regions. As inputs to the factorial analysis, proxies were used to verify the demographic, economic and infrastructure aspects. The main results point to the characterization of three distinct indicators that present characteristics peculiar to the urbanization process in recent years in Rondônia. Among these characteristics, there are factorial loads denominated “Economic Dynamics”, “Basic Infrastructure”, since two variables were determinant of areas with solid infrastructure and/or not directed to urban areas, such as piped water and electricity. As for the last factor, it is called “Demographic Nature”, since it configures typical small city relationships, but with a relative deficit in the proportion of birth rate and mortality, besides other significant factors among the neighboring municipalities and their absorption of work.