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标题：Effects of heavy rainfall on waterborne disease hospitalizations among young children in wet and dry areas of New Zealand
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作者：Hakkan Lai ; Simon Hales ; Alistair Woodward 等
期刊名称：Environment International
印刷版ISSN：0160-4120
电子版ISSN：1873-6750
出版年度：2020
卷号：145
页码：1-4
DOI：10.1016/j.envint.2020.106136
出版社：Pergamon
摘要：Heavy rainfall is associated with increased risk of waterborne disease. However, it is not known whether the risk increment differs between wet and dry regions. We examined this question in New Zealand, which has a wide geographical variation of annual rainfall totals (10th–90th percentile difference ≥3000 mm). We conducted a nested case-crossover study within a prospective child cohort (born in 2009–2010) for assessing transient health effects when modified by longitudinal exposures to rainfall. Short-term heavy rainfall effects on hospitalizations due to enteric bacterial and viral infectious causes at lag of 0–14 days were assessed using a Cox regression model adjusted for daily temperature, relative humidity and evapotranspiration. We derived quantiles of time-weighted long-term rainfall levels at the children’s homes and these were added as an interaction term to the short-term effect model. Hospitalization risks were higher two days after heavy rainfall days (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.73 [1.10–2.70]). The lowest-observable-adverse-effect-level was detected at the 94th percentile of daily rainfall total. Hospital admissions 1–2 days after heavy rainfall increased most in locations with the lowest and highest long-term rainfall. An interaction of this kind between short-term weather and long-term climate has not been reported previously. It is relevant to climate change risk assessments given global projections of increasing intensity of precipitation, against a background of more severe, and possibly more frequent, droughts and flooding.
关键词：Waterborne diseases ; Heavy rainfall ; Short-term effect ; Long-term exposure ; Child cohort ; Nested case-crossover