文章基本信息

标题：INVESTING IN HUMAN CAPITAL: INVESTMENT OR EXPENSE?
其他标题：ULAGANJE U LJUDSKE RESURSE: INVESTICIJA ILI TROŠAK?
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作者：Jelena Obradović ; Sonja Arsić
期刊名称：Časopis za Ekonomiju i Tržišne Komunikacije
印刷版ISSN：2232-8823
电子版ISSN：2232-9633
出版年度：2013
卷号：6
期号：2
页码：216-230
DOI：10.7251/EMC1302216O
语种：English
出版社：Paneuropean University Apeiron
摘要：For a long time,investments in human resources had been seen as a cost.If capitalists had not achieved enough profi t,they would have blamed their workers and reduced their rents.In economic theory,at one time the ruling theory was infl ation of cost.Proponents of this theory held that the workers and their high rents were guilty for economic stagnation and rising costs of production.So they were looking for diff erent ways to reduce workers salaries,ie.rents.Th e workers were unorganized while employers were organized,so they had a great advantage in the negotiations.Increase in production costs leads to higher prices,and hence to infl ation.In this case,investment in human resources is the cost.Is it really so? In modern economic theory,investment in human capital is not seen as a cost but as an investment.Educated and competent labor force provides greater productivity and effi ciency.Th e main factor of competition on contemporary market are innovations,and bearers of innovation are people.Educated and skilled employees provide strategic advantage to the company.Education increases qualifi cations and consequently the expertise.Education also leads to the selection and specialization of workers.Th erefore,investment in human resources must have a signifi cant role in the budget of each country.Serbia invests little in human resources.Th is mainly applies to countries in the region.For scientifi c research work,it is allocated less than 1% of gross domestic product.European Council in Lisbon appealed to Southeast Europe countries to increase spending on scientifi c research and education.Allocations from the budget have increased,but this is still not suffi cient.Bearers of progress and prosperity are people,not machines.People construct machines and manage them.Machines work to satisfy human needs.So,it is expected that in the future investments in human capital will be nearly as important as investing in the funds.
其他摘要：Dugo vremena se na ulaganje u ljudske resurse gledalo kao na trošak.Ukoliko kapitalisti ne bi ostvarili dovoljnu visinu profi ta za to su krivili radnike i smanjivali njihove najamnine.U ekonomskoj teoriji je jedno vreme vladajuća teorija o infl aciji bila infl acija troškova.Pobornici ove teorije su smatrali da su radnici,tj.njihove visoke najamnike krive za privrednu stagnaciju i za porast troškova proizvodnje.Zato su tražili različite načine kako bi radnicima smanjili zarade,tj.najamnine.Radnici su bili neorganizovani,dok su poslodavci bili organizovani i imali su veliku prednost u pregovorima.Povećanje troškova proizvodnje dovodi do porasta cena,a samim tim i do infl acije.Dakle,u ovom slučaju ulaganje u ljudske resurse predstavlja trošak.A da li je baš tako? Savremena ekonomska teorija na ulaganje u ljudski kapital ne gleda kao na trošak već kao na investiciju.Obrazovana i kompetentna radna snaga obezbeđuje veću produktivnost i efi kasnost rada.Osnovni faktor konkurencije na savremenom tržištu jesu inovacije,a nosioci inovacija su ljudi.Zapošljavanjem obrazovanih i stručnih ljudi fi rma stiče stratešku prednost u odnosu na svoje konkurente.Obrazovanje povećava kvalifi kacije,a samim tim i stručnost.Obrazovanje takođe dovodi do selekcije i specijalizacije radnika.Zbog toga ulaganje u ljudske resurse mora imati značajno mesto u budžetu svake zemlje.Srbija malo ulaže u ljudske resurse,što uglavnom važi i za zemlje u regionu.Za naučnoistrazivački rad se izdvaja manje od 1% društvenog bruto proizvoda.Savet Evrope je u Lisabonu apelovao na zemlje jugoistočne Evrope da povećaju izdvajanje za naucnoistrazivački rad i obrazovanje.Izdvajanja su povećana iz budžeta ali ipak su još uvek nedovoljna.Nosioci progresa i napretka su ljudi,a ne mašine.Ljudi konstruišu mašine i upravljaju njima.Mašine rade da bi zadovoljile ljudske potrebe.Dakle,u budućnosti se očekuje da će ulaganje u ljudski kapital imati približno isti značaj kao i ulaganje u sredstva za rad.
关键词：human capital;productivity;investment;cost.
其他关键词：ljudski kapital;produktivnost rada;investicija;trošak.