摘要:This paper concerns the ambiguity of the square root and the radical sign.This ambiguity is a problem with historical origins,reflected in influential texts of the past as in Euler (1822);Lacroix,(1831),and Peacock (1845).The epistemological/historical conceptions observed in those textbooks reveal two problems: a mathematical and an educational one.The first concerns with formal subtleties as they violate requisites for the mathematical definitions.The second concerns with deeply-rooted misunderstandings and cognitive conflicts experienced by students,teachers and textbooks.In our study we have found traces that these epistemological and historical conceptions are reflected in some present-day Spanish and Rumanian mathematical textbooks and that may be the cause of those misunderstandings and conflicts.
关键词:square roots;radical sign;historical and epistemological conceptions;textbooks;educational and mathematical problem