摘要:Armstrong’s theory of laws and causation may be articulated as something like the following,which we may refer to as the received view: “Laws are intrinsic higher-order relations of ensu_ring (necessitation) between properties.The instantiation of laws is identical with singular causa?tion.This identity is a posteriori.” Opponents and advocates of this view,believe that it may fairly and correctly be attributed to Armstrong.I do not deny it;instead I seek to reconsider the received view,specifically by treating it as a part of Armstrong’s metaphysics.The main features that should concern us are truthmaker theory and the formal account of the constitutive parts of states of affairs.I also discuss Bird’s ultimate argument against Armstrong and show how its impact is weakened by this proper reading.