文章基本信息

标题：The dynamics of sparring of the best taekwon–do competitors
其他标题：Dynamika walki sportowej najlepszych zawodników taekwon–do
本地全文：下载
作者：Zbigniew Bujak
期刊名称：Ido Movement for Culture: Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
印刷版ISSN：2084-3763
电子版ISSN：2082-7571
出版年度：2006
卷号：6
期号：1
页码：113-122
语种：English
出版社：Idokan Poland Association in Rzeszów
摘要：Characterizing a non–olympic variant o f taekwon–do chiefly perceived as a martial art,it is impossible not to mention the sports competition,which has been treated as a specific method of the training since 1955 when it stopped functioning as a contemporary style.Because o f the fact that sparring is o f the greatest interest as part o f taekwon–do its content and quality structure is the subject matter o f this research.At the highest sport level the knowledge about training reserves is most valuable.Such knowledge can be acquired through the analysis o f sparrings of the best competitors,taking into consideration the following factors:the ability to undertake offensive and defensive actions ,the ability to attack,counterattack and performing defence actions without counterattacking and the general dynamics.The advantage o f this method is the opportunity to compare different martial art styles and within the same style the performance o f various competitors who take part in competitions o f all ranks.The knowledge which refers to the differences between winners and losers and the influence o f the sexual dimorphism helps to optimize the process o f training and to prepare for the most important events.The aim o f this research was to present the characteristic o f the dynamics o f sparring in taekwon–do at the master level with taking into consideration the differences between winners and losers and the sexual dimorphism.The material o f the research consisted o f sparrings o f the best competitors which were recorded during the European Championship and the World Championship for seniors.There were 33 sparrings o f 66 competitors analysed and all finals o f the World Championship.In this study there were two methods used:the direct secondary observation method or the recording o f the course o f sparring on the record sheet.The second one takes into account variables represented by appropriate indexes:activeness,effectiveness o f attacks,counterattacks and defence or the general dynamics o f sparring.Conclusions。.
其他摘要：In this study,1 discissed the economic structure in the 15 and 16th century ofBosnia by the help of the documents and information about population and landsunveys.In the Bosnia,the agriculure was the essential one among theeconomical activities,Cereals,fruits and melons were ciltivated in every region ofthe city.Sheep was the main animal in stockbreeding.The importance of thelocation of Bosnia increased the commercial opportunities.In the ports of Savariver there was trade with Venice,It is shown that since the beginning of the 16thcentury chiftliks have increased.The transfer of these farms by inheritance andtheir selling and buying without any restriction is the most important privilege ofthe Ottoman state to the publie of the region.There are very active markets in thecity.
关键词：taekwon–do;level of activness in sparring (AL);effectiveness o f attacks;effectiveness of counterattacks;defence actions
其他关键词：taekwon–do;aktywność w walce;efektywność ataków;skuteczność kontr ataków;działania obronne