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标题：Early-Life Cadmium Exposure and Bone-Related Biomarkers: A Longitudinal Study in Children
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作者：Annachiara Malin Igra ; Marie Vahter ; Rubhana Raqib 等
期刊名称：Environmental Health Perspectives
印刷版ISSN：0091-6765
电子版ISSN：1552-9924
出版年度：2019
卷号：127
期号：3
页码：1-11
DOI：10.1289/EHP3655
出版社：OCR Subscription Services Inc
摘要：Background: Chronic cadmium exposure has been associated with osteotoxicity in adults, but little is known concerning its effects on early growth, which has been shown to be impaired by cadmium. Objectives: Our objective was to assess the impact of early-life cadmium exposure on bone-related biomarkers and anthropometry at 9 y of age. Methods: For 504 children in a mother–child cohort in Bangladesh, cadmium exposure was assessed by concentrations in urine (U-Cd, long-term exposure) and erythrocytes (Ery-Cd, ongoing exposure) at 9 and 4.5 y of age, and in their mothers during pregnancy. Biomarkers of bone remodeling [urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), urinary calcium, plasma parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, vitamin D3, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF binding protein 3, thyroid stimulating hormone] were measured at 9 y of age. Results: In multivariable-adjusted linear models, a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean increase in osteocalcin of 2.7 ng / mL (95% CI: 0.042, 5.9) and in urinary DPD of 22 nmol / L (95% CI: 12, 32). In a combined exposure model, a doubling of maternal Ery-Cd was associated with a mean increase in urinary DPD of 15 nmol / L (95% CI: − 0.047 , 30). Stratifying the osteocalcin model by gender ( p i n t e r a c t i o n = 0.001), a doubling of concurrent U-Cd was associated with a mean decrease in osteocalcin of − 4.3 ng / mL (95% CI: − 8.5 , − 0.080 ) in boys and a mean increase of 9.4 ng / mL (95% CI: 5.4, 13) in girls. The same pattern was seen with U-Cd at 4.5 y of age ( p i n t e r a c t i o n = 0.016). Children’s U-Cd and Ery-Cd, concurrent and at 4.5 y of age, were inversely associated with vitamin D3. Conclusions: Childhood cadmium exposure was associated with several bone-related biomarkers and some of the associations differed by gender.