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标题：EFFECTS OF BILINGUALISM ON INHIBITORY CONTROL AND WORKING MEMORY: A STUDY WITH EARLY AND LATE BILINGUALS
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作者：Rossana Kramer ; Mailce Borges Mota
期刊名称：Gragoatá
印刷版ISSN：1413-9073
电子版ISSN：2358-4114
出版年度：2015
卷号：20
期号：38
页码：309-331
DOI：10.22409/gragoata.v20i38.33312
摘要：A dense body of research shows that cognitive functions change with age. More recently, studies have provided evidence that bilingualism aids in offsetting age-related losses in executive function (Bialystok, Craik, Klein & Viswanathan, 2004; Salvatierra, 2010). The present study investigates the performances of early bilinguals (Brazilian Portuguese/Hunsrückisch), late bilinguals (Brazilian Portuguese/English), and monolinguals (Brazilian Portuguese) on executive control and working memory tasks. Participants (N = 104) performed an executive control task (Simon) and a working memory (Alpha Span) task. Statistical analyses showed significant age-related effects on executive functions: younger adults outperformed older adults in the tasks. Furthermore, early bilinguals presented more efficient inhibitory processes showing smaller Simon effect costs and higher working memory span than monolinguals. As for the late bilingual group, their performance on inhibitory control tasks was significantly faster than that of their peer monolingual group. Results suggest that bilingualism, regardless of the context and age of acquisition, has an effect on inhibitory control and working memory. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EFEITOS DO BILINGUISMO NO CONTROLE INIBITÓRIO E MEMÓRIA DE TRABALHO: UM ESTUDO COM BILÍNGUES DE INFÂNCIA E BILÍNGUES TARDIOS Muitos estudos demonstram que as funções cognitivas mudam com a idade. Estudos recentes fornecem evidências de que o bilinguismo pode atenuar alguns efeitos negativos do envelhecimento e atuar como uma proteção às funções cognitivas ao longo da vida (Bialystok, Craik , Klein & Viswanathan, 2004; Salvatierra, 2007). O presente estudo compara o desempenho de bilíngues precoces (português brasileiro/hunsrückisch), bilíngues tardios (português brasileiro/inglês) e monolíngues (português brasileiro) em tarefas de controle executivo e memória de trabalho. Para tanto, 104 participantes realizaram uma tarefa de controle executivo (Simon) e uma tarefa de memória de trabalho (Alpha Span). As análises estatísticas demonstraram perdas cognitivas significativas relacionadas à idade, uma vez que adultos jovens foram melhores que os idosos nas tarefas de controle inibitório e memória de trabalho. Além disso, bilíngues de infância apresentaram maior eficiência nos processos inibitórios e pontuaram mais que os monolíngues na tarefa de memória de trabalho. Os resultados confirmaram que bilíngues tardios foram significativamente melhores que os monolíngues em controle inibitório. Estes resultados são interpretados como evidência de que o bilinguismo, independentemente do contexto e da idade de aquisição, pode trazer benefícios ao controle inibitório e à memória de trabalho. --- Original em inglês.
其他摘要：A dense body of research shows that cognitive functions change with age. More recently, studies have provided evidence that bilingualism aids in offsetting age-related losses in executive function (Bialystok, Craik, Klein & Viswanathan, 2004; Salvatierra, 2010). The present study investigates the performances of early bilinguals (Brazilian Portuguese/Hunsrückisch), late bilinguals (Brazilian Portuguese/English), and monolinguals (Brazilian Portuguese) on executive control and working memory tasks. Participants (N = 104) performed an executive control task (Simon) and a working memory (Alpha Span) task. Statistical analyses showed significant age-related effects on executive functions: younger adults outperformed older adults in the tasks. Furthermore, early bilinguals presented more efficient inhibitory processes showing smaller Simon effect costs and higher working memory span than monolinguals. As for the late bilingual group, their performance on inhibitory control tasks was significantly faster than that of their peer monolingual group. Results suggest that bilingualism, regardless of the context and age of acquisition, has an effect on inhibitory control and working memory.
关键词：bilingualism/bilinguismo;working memory/memória de trabalho;aging/envelhecimento;inhibitory control/controle inibitório
其他关键词：bilingualism;working memory;aging;inhibitory control