文章基本信息

标题：Europos Sąjungos biudžeto reforma: ko siekiame?
本地全文：下载
作者：Birutė Galinienė ; Olga Dikovič
期刊名称：Ekonomika
印刷版ISSN：2424-6166
电子版ISSN：1392-1258
出版年度：2008
卷号：82
页码：57-74
摘要：Europos Sąjungos (ES) biudžetas yra svarbus Lietuvos ekonomikos augimo variklis ir nemažų lėšų šaltinis. Tačiau keičiantis situacijai Europoje ir visame pasaulyje, turėtų keistis ir Europos prioritetai, kartu ES biudžetas. Ateityje Lietuvos iš Europos Sąjungos gaunamos paramos dydis labiausiai priklausys nuo peržiūrėto ES biudžeto struktūros, jo sudarymo ir išlaidų skirstymo principų. Todėl, nenorėdama likti nuošalyje, Lietuva turėtų aktyviai dalyvauti ES biuždeto peržiūroje ir taip prisidėti prie ateities biudžetų kūrimo. ES biudžeto reforma jau prasidėjo ir šiame reformos etape Lietuvai ir kitoms valstybėms narėms svarbu nuspręsti, kokią Europą norime matyti ateityje, kokiais svarbiausiais principais turėtų būti remiamasi nustatant ES politikos prioritetus ir kaip nauji prioritetai turėtų būti atspindėti Europos Sąjungos biudžeto struktūroje.Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama ES biudžeto reformos problema, kuri yra aktuali ir Lietuvai, nes neabejotinai turės įtakos šalies ekonomikai ir ūkio plėtrai, apžvelgiama ES biudžeto raida nuo 7965 m. iki šių dienų, analizuojama, kaip keitėsi biudžeto santykinis dydis ir struktūra. Straipsnyje aptariama dabartinio ES biudžeto struktūra ir pagrindžiama šio biudžeto reformos būtinybė. Vienas iš sudėtingiausių ES biudžeto reformos aspektų - skirti ES lėšas ten, kur jos duos realios naudos visai Europai, todėl straipsnyje bandoma išryškinti bendrus principus, kuriais turėtų būti vadovaujamasi vertinant ES politikos prioritetus ir reformuojant ES biudžetą.
其他摘要：The importance of financial flows to and from the EU budget is widely recognized because contributions to the EU budget and payments from it undoubtedly influence not only the expenditures and revenues of the national budget, but also the priorities of national policy and the whole economy of the country. But the level of the EU financial assistance depends mainly on the EU budget structure: its size, main budget financing principles and the priorities Europe has chosen. The structure of the current EU budget was formed in 1987, when the European Commission submitted its different proposals on every category of the EU budget expenditure and its own resources system. Twenty years passed, and Europe has changed dramatically: the number of EU member states increased from 12 to 27, new priorities as well as new problems that which can be solved at the EU level only have appeared. Therefore Europe’s policies and their financing need to evolve new priorities. The first public step in the process of the reform of all aspects of EU spending and resources was made in September 2007 by the European Commission through the publication of the Consultation paper on the EU budget reform, The aim of this consultation is to determine the structure and direction of the European Union’s spending priorities to meet the challenges of the globalized world in the next decade and beyond.The present EU budget comprises five headings which seem to fully correspond to the priorities of modem Europe because it reflects the main and most up-ta-date European policies. However, facts show that the EU budget is a historical relic because the biggest part of the EU expenditure goes on supporting the agricultural sector whose economic significance is declining and therefore it cannot contribute to growth in Europe. Moreover, the major part of the EU structural funds is allocated to high income countries and makes it impossible for lowincome countries to catch up with the rest. Therefore, the EU claim to become a modem, dynamic and competitive knowledge economy requires to review its budget priorities and structure to finance first those economic and social areas where it is best able to make a contribution to the growth and solidarity in Europe.The European Commission started the EU budget review process with the Consultation paper which invited all actors at all levels to participate in a frank debate on future challenges and to decide how the EU spending can be focused on where it can generate the highest benefit Member states participating in these debates have a perfect opportunity to rethink and distinguish new national priorities. In the process of discussion in Lithuania, it is also important to combine national and European interests as well as to reach an agreement internally: to combine sectoral and national interests and to find a balance between different actors participating in this discussion.In the course of discussion on the EU budget review, it is vital to remember that a higher level of financing does not necessarily ensures better results on the EU level. It is also important to decide whether it is easier to achieve the EU goals by increasing the level of financing or by intensifying the control or improving the regulation. Its is even more import ant to find a reasonable balance between the volume of financing and the European value added.
关键词：ES biudžetas;ES biudžeto struktūra;reforma