文章基本信息

标题：Modeling Exposure to Heat Stress with a Simple Urban Model
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作者：Peter Hoffmann ; Jana Fischereit ; Stefan Heitmann ,, K. Heinke Schlünzen 等
期刊名称：Urban Science
印刷版ISSN：2413-8851
出版年度：2018
卷号：2
期号：1
页码：9-29
DOI：10.3390/urbansci2010009
出版社：MDPI Publishing
摘要：As a first step in modeling health-related urban well-being (UrbWellth), a mathematical model is constructed that dynamically simulates heat stress exposure of commuters in an idealized city. This is done by coupling the Simple Urban Radiation Model (SURM), which computes the mean radiant temperature ( T m r t ), with a newly developed multi-class multi-mode traffic model. Simulation results with parameters chosen for the city of Hamburg for a hot summer day show that commuters are potentially most exposed to heat stress in the early afternoon when T m r t has its maximum. Varying the morphology with respect to street width and building height shows that a more compact city configuration reduces T m r t and therefore the exposure to heat stress. The impact resulting from changes in the city structure on traffic is simulated to determine the time spent outside during the commute. While the time in traffic jams increases for compact cities, the total commuting time decreases due to shorter distances between home and work place. Concerning adaptation measures, it is shown that increases in the albedo of the urban surfaces lead to an increase in daytime heat stress. Dramatic increases in heat stress exposure are found when both, wall and street albedo, are increased.
关键词：exposure modeling; urban system modeling; mean radiant temperature; heat stress; traffic modeling; multi-class traffic model; mulit-mode traffic model; climate adaption measure exposure modeling ; urban system modeling ; mean radiant temperature ; heat stress ; traffic modeling ; multi-class traffic model ; mulit-mode traffic model ; climate adaption measure