摘要:Let O and F be an operation and a language family, respec-tively. So far, in terms of closure properties, the classical lan-guage theory has only investigated whether O(F) ⊆ F, whereO(F) is the family resulting from O applied to all members of F.If O(F) ⊆ F, F is closed under O; otherwise, it is not.This paper proposes a finer and wider approach to this inves-tigation. Indeed, it studies almost all possible set-based relationsbetween F and O(F), including O(F) = ∅; F 6⊂ O(F), O(F) 6⊂ F,F∩O(F) 6= ∅; F∩O(F) = ∅, O(F) 6= ∅; O(F) = F; and F ⊂ O(F).Many operations are studied in this way. A sketch of applicationperspectives and open problems closes the paper.
关键词:language operations; language families; closure properties; finer approach; new trend; set theory.